What Are Some Lorenzo De Medici Things of Art He Created

Italian statesman, banker, and de facto ruler of the Florentine Commonwealth (1449-1492)

Lorenzo de' Medici
Portrait past Agnolo Bronzino at the Uffizi, Florence
Ruler of Florence
Reign	two December 1469 – 8 April 1492
Predecessor	Piero the Gouty
Successor	Piero the Unfortunate
Full name Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici
Built-in	1 January 1449 Florence, Republic of Florence
Died	viii Apr 1492 (aged 43) Careggi, Republic of Florence
Noble family	Medici
Spouse(s)	Clarice Orsini
Effect	Lucrezia de' Medici Piero de' Medici Maddalena de' Medici Contessina Beatrice de' Medici Giovanni de' Medici, Pope Leo X Luisa de' Medici Contessina de' Medici Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
Father	Piero the Gouty
Mother	Lucrezia Tornabuoni
Signature

Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (Italian: [loˈrɛntso de ˈmɛːditʃi]; 1 January 1449 – 8 April 1492)^[ane] was an Italian statesman, broker, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the nigh powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italia.^{[two] [3] [4]} Likewise known as Lorenzo the Magnificent (Lorenzo il Magnifico [loˈrɛntso il maɲˈɲiːfiko]) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists, and poets. Every bit a patron, he is best known for his sponsorship of artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. He held the remainder of power within the Italic League, an alliance of states that stabilized political atmospheric condition on the Italian peninsula for decades, and his life coincided with the mature phase of the Italian Renaissance and the Golden Age of Florence.^[v] On the foreign policy front end, Lorenzo manifested a articulate plan to stem the territorial ambitions of Pope Sixtus IV, in the name of the balance of the Italian League of 1454. For these reasons, Lorenzo was the subject of the Pazzi conspiracy (1478), in which his brother Giuliano was assassinated. The Peace of Lodi of 1454 that he supported amid the diverse Italian states collapsed with his decease. He is cached in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

Youth [edit]

Lorenzo's grandpa, Cosimo de' Medici, was the first fellow member of the Medici family to lead the Republic of Florence and run the Medici Bank simultaneously. As 1 of the wealthiest men in Europe, Cosimo spent a very large portion of his fortune on regime and philanthropy, for example every bit a patron of the arts and financier of public works.^[6] Lorenzo's father, Piero di Cosimo de' Medici, was every bit at the centre of Florentine civic life, chiefly every bit an art patron and collector, while Lorenzo'southward uncle, Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, took intendance of the family's concern interests. Lorenzo's mother, Lucrezia Tornabuoni, was a writer of sonnets and a friend to poets and philosophers of the Medici University.^[7] She became her son's counselor after the deaths of his male parent and uncle.^[six]

Lorenzo, considered the well-nigh promising of the five children of Piero and Lucrezia, was tutored by a diplomat and bishop, Gentile de' Becchi, and the humanist philosopher Marsilio Ficino,^[8] and he was trained in Greek by John Argyropoulos.^[9] With his blood brother Giuliano, he participated in jousting, hawking, hunting, and horse breeding for the Palio, a horse race in Siena. In 1469, aged 20, he won first prize in a jousting tournament sponsored past the Medici. The joust was the bailiwick of a poem written by Luigi Pulci.^[10] Niccolò Machiavelli too wrote of the occasion, maybe sarcastically, that he won "not by way of favour, but by his ain valour and skill in arms".^[xi] He carried a banner painted past Verrocchio, and his horse was named Morello di Vento.^{[12] [13]}

Piero sent Lorenzo on many important diplomatic missions when he was still a youth, including trips to Rome to meet the pope and other important religious and political figures.^[fourteen]

Lorenzo was described as rather plain of appearance and of average acme, having a broad frame and curt legs, nighttime pilus and optics, a squashed nose, short-sighted eyes and a harsh voice. Giuliano, on the other hand, was regarded equally handsome and a "gold boy", and was used as a model by Botticelli in his painting of Mars and Venus.^[15] Even Lorenzo'south shut friend Niccolo Valori described him every bit homely, saying, "nature had been a stepmother to him in regards to his personal advent, although she had acted as a loving female parent in all things concocted with the mind. His complexion was dark, and although his face up was not handsome it was and so full of nobility as to compel respect."^[sixteen]

The Adoration of the Magi includes several generations of the Medici family unit and their retainers. Sixteen-twelvemonth-old Lorenzo is to the left, with his equus caballus, prior to his deviation on a diplomatic mission to Milan.

Politics [edit]

Lorenzo, groomed for power, assumed a leading function in the country upon the decease of his male parent in 1469, when he was twenty. Already drained past his grandfather'due south building projects and constantly stressed by mismanagement, wars, and political expenses, the avails of the Medici Bank reduced seriously during the grade of Lorenzo's lifetime.^[17]

Lorenzo, similar his granddad, father, and son, ruled Florence indirectly through surrogates in the city councils by ways of payoffs and strategic marriages.^{[18] [19]} Rival Florentine families inevitably harboured resentments over the Medicis' dominance, and enemies of the Medici remained a factor in Florentine life long subsequently Lorenzo's passing.^[xviii] The about notable of the rival families was the Pazzi, who nearly brought Lorenzo's reign to an cease.^[20]

On Lord's day, 26 Apr 1478, in an incident known as the Pazzi conspiracy, a group headed by Girolamo Riario, Francesco de' Pazzi, and Francesco Salviati (the archbishop of Pisa), attacked Lorenzo and his blood brother and co-ruler Giuliano in the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in an try to seize control of the Florentine government.^[21] Shockingly, Salviati acted with the approval of his patron Pope Sixtus Four. Giuliano was killed, brutally stabbed to death, but Lorenzo escaped with only a minor wound to the neck, having been defended past the poet Poliziano.^[22] News of the conspiracy spread throughout Florence, and it was brutally put downwards by the populace through such measures every bit the lynching of the archbishop of Pisa and members of the Pazzi family who were involved in the conspiracy.^[xx]

In the backwash of the Pazzi conspiracy and the penalisation of supporters of Pope Sixtus 4, the Medici and Florence earned the wrath of the Holy See, which seized all the Medici assets that Sixtus could observe, excommunicated Lorenzo and the unabridged government of Florence, and ultimately put the entire Florentine city-state under interdict.^[23] When these moves had piddling consequence, Sixtus formed a war machine alliance with King Ferdinand I of Naples, whose son, Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, led an invasion of the Florentine Republic, still ruled by Lorenzo.^[24]

Lorenzo rallied the citizens. However, with lilliputian support from the traditional Medici allies in Bologna and Milan,^[20] the war dragged on, and just diplomacy by Lorenzo, who personally traveled to Naples and became a prisoner of the rex for several months, ultimately resolved the crisis. That success enabled Lorenzo to secure constitutional changes within the government of the Florentine Republic that further enhanced his own ability.^[eighteen]

Thereafter, Lorenzo, similar his grandfather Cosimo de' Medici, pursued a policy of maintaining peace, balancing power betwixt the northern Italian states and keeping major European states such every bit France and the Holy Roman Empire out of Italy. Lorenzo maintained expert relations with Sultan Mehmed Two of the Ottoman Empire, as the Florentine maritime merchandise with the Ottomans was a major source of wealth for the Medici.^[25]

Efforts to acquire acquirement from the mining of alum in Tuscany unfortunately marred Lorenzo's reputation. Alum had been discovered by local citizens of Volterra, who turned to Florence to go backing to exploit this important natural resource. A cardinal commodity in the glassmaking, tanning and textile industries, alum was available from merely a few sources nether the control of the Ottomans and monopolized by Genoa before the discovery of alum sources in Italian republic at Tolfa. Kickoff the Roman Curia in 1462, and so Lorenzo and the Medici Bank less than a yr later, got involved in backing the mining functioning, with the pope taking a 2-ducat commission for each cantar quintal of alum retrieved and ensuring a monopoly against the Turkish-derived goods by prohibiting trade in alum with infidels.^[26] When they realized the value of the alum mine, the people of Volterra wanted its revenues for their municipal funds rather than having it enter the pockets of their Florentine backers. Thus began an insurrection and secession from Florence, which involved putting to death several opposing citizens. Lorenzo sent mercenaries to suppress the defection past force, and the mercenaries ultimately sacked the city. Lorenzo hurried to Volterra to make amends, but the incident would remain a dark stain on his tape.^{[27] [28]}

Patronage [edit]

Lorenzo's courtroom included artists such as Piero and Antonio del Pollaiuolo, Andrea del Verrocchio, Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who were instrumental in achieving the 15th-century Renaissance. Although Lorenzo did not committee many works himself, he helped these artists to secure commissions from other patrons. Michelangelo lived with Lorenzo and his family for three years, dining at the family unit tabular array and participating in discussions led by Marsilio Ficino.

Lorenzo was an artist and wrote poetry in his native Tuscan. In his poetry, he celebrates life while acknowledging with melancholy the fragility and instability of the human condition, particularly in his later works. Love, feasts and light dominate his verse.^[29]

Cosimo had started the collection of books that became the Medici Library (also chosen the Laurentian Library), and Lorenzo expanded it. Lorenzo'south agents retrieved from the E big numbers of classical works, and he employed a large workshop to re-create his books and disseminate their content across Europe. He supported the development of humanism through his circle of scholarly friends, including the philosophers Marsilio Ficino, Poliziano and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.^[30] They studied Greek philosophers and attempted to merge the ideas of Plato with Christianity.

Apart from a personal interest, Lorenzo also used the Florentine milieu of fine arts for his diplomatic efforts. An example includes the commission of Ghirlandaio, Botticelli, Pietro Perugino and Cosimo Rosselli from Rome to paint murals in the Sistine Chapel, a motion that has been interpreted as sealing the alliance between Lorenzo and Pope Sixtus Iv.^[30]

In 1471, Lorenzo calculated that his family had spent some 663,000 florins (about US$460 million today) on charity, buildings and taxes since 1434. He wrote,

"I do non regret this for though many would consider it better to have a part of that sum in their purse, I consider it to have been a bully award to our state, and I recollect the money was well-expended and I am well-pleased."^[31] From 1479 Lorenzo became a permanent member of the committee supervising the rebuild of the signoria in Florence. He created a court of artists in his sculpture garden at San Marco which allowed him to exert 'enormous influence on the selection of artists on public projects'.^[32]

Union and children [edit]

Lorenzo married Clarice Orsini on seven Feb 1469.^[33] The marriage in person took identify in Florence on 4 June 1469. She was a daughter of Giacomo Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano by his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. Clarice and Lorenzo had x children, all except Contessina Antonia born in Florence:

• Lucrezia Maria Romola de' Medici (1470–1553),^[34] who married Jacopo Salviati on 10 September 1486 and had 10 children of her own, including Key Giovanni Salviati, Primal Bernardo Salviati, Maria Salviati (mother of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany), and Francesca Salviati (mother of Pope Leo XI)
• Twins who died after nascence (March 1471)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici (1472–1503),^[34] called "the Unfortunate", was ruler of Florence after his begetter'south death
• Maria Maddalena Romola de' Medici (1473–1528) married Franceschetto Cybo (illegitimate son of Pope Innocent 8) on 25 February 1487 and had 7 children
• Contessina Beatrice de' Medici, died shortly after her birth on 23 September 1474^{[ commendation needed ]}
• Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (1475–1521),^[34] ascended to the papacy as Leo X in 1513^[35]
• Luisa de' Medici (1477–1488),^[34] as well called Luigia, was betrothed to Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano, but died young
• Contessina Antonia Romola de' Medici (1478–1515),^[34] born in Pistoia, married Piero Ridolfi (1467–1525) in 1494 and had five children, including Cardinal Niccolò Ridolfi
• Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici (1479–1516)^[34] was created Duke of Nemours in 1515 past Francis I of France

Lorenzo adopted his nephew Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (1478–1534), the illegitimate son of his slain brother Giuliano. In 1523, after serving 4 years every bit ruler of Florence, Giulio ascended to the papacy as Pope Clement Seven.^[36]

Particular of Domenico Ghirlandaio's Confirmation of the Franciscan Rule from the Sassetti Chapel frescos. Mounting the stairs in the forefront are the tutor of Lorenzo'southward sons, Angelo Poliziano, and Lorenzo's sons Giuliano, Piero and Giovanni, followed by 2 members of the Humanist University.

Later years, death, and legacy [edit]

Sacra rappresentazione dei santi Giovanni e Paolo ("Holy representation of the Saints John and Paul"), a work past Lorenzo in the later years

During Lorenzo's tenure, several branches of the family bank collapsed considering of bad loans, and in subsequently years he got into financial difficulties and resorted to misappropriating trust and land funds.

Toward the end of Lorenzo's life, Florence came nether the influence of Savonarola, who believed Christians had strayed too far into Greco-Roman culture. Lorenzo played a role in bringing Savonarola to Florence.^[37]

Lorenzo died during the late night of 8 April 1492, at the longtime family villa of Careggi.^[38] Savonarola visited Lorenzo on his deathbed. The rumour that Savonarola damned Lorenzo on his deathbed has been refuted in Roberto Ridolfi'south volume Vita di Girolamo Savonarola. Messages written past witnesses to Lorenzo's expiry report that he died peacefully subsequently listening to the Gospel of the day.^[39] Many signs and portents were claimed to take taken place at the moment of his death, including the dome of Florence Cathedral beingness struck by lightning, ghosts appearing, and the lions kept at Via Leone fighting one another.^[40]

The Signoria and councils of Florence issued a decree:

Whereas the foremost homo of all this urban center, the lately deceased Lorenzo de' Medici, did, during his whole life, neglect no opportunity of protecting, increasing, adorning and raising this city, but was always ready with counsel, authority and painstaking, in thought and human activity; shrank from neither problem nor danger for the skillful of the state and its liberty..... it has seemed good to the Senate and people of Florence.... to establish a public testimonial of gratitude to the retentiveness of such a man, in order that virtue might not be unhonoured among Florentines, and that, in days to come, other citizens may be incited to serve the commonwealth with might and wisdom.^[41]

Lorenzo was buried with his brother Giuliano in the Church of San Lorenzo in the ruby porphyry sarcophagus designed for Piero and Giovanni de' Medici, non, as might be expected, in the New Sacristy, designed by Michelangelo. The latter holds the two monumental tombs of Lorenzo and Giuliano's less known namesakes: Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, and Giuliano, Duke of Nemours.^[42] According to Williamson and others, the statues of the lesser Lorenzo and Giuliano were carved by Michelangelo to incorporate the essence of the famous men. In 1559, the bodies of Lorenzo de' Medici ("the Magnificent") and his brother Giuliano were interred in the New Sacristy in an unmarked tomb below Michelangelo'southward statue of the Madonna.^[42]

Lorenzo'southward heir was his eldest son, Piero di Lorenzo de' Medici, known as "Piero the Unfortunate". In 1494, he squandered his father'due south patrimony and brought down the Medici dynasty in Florence. His 2nd son, Giovanni, who became Pope Leo 10, retook the city in 1512 with the aid of a Spanish army.^[43] In 1531, Lorenzo'southward nephew Giulio di Giuliano – whom Lorenzo had raised as his own son, and who in 1523 became Pope Clement VII – formalized Medici dominion of Florence by installing Alessandro de' Medici the metropolis's first hereditary duke.^[44]

In popular culture [edit]

• Lorenzo de' Medici is depicted as a teenager in CBBC'due south Leonardo, played by actor Colin Ryan.^[45]
• Lorenzo de' Medici appears as a supporting character to the protagonist, Ezio Auditore da Firenze, after they help foil the Pazzi conspirators in Assassinator'southward Creed II.^[46]
• Lorenzo de' Medici is portrayed by Elliot Cowan in the 2013 Boob tube serial Da Vinci's Demons.^[47]
• Lorenzo de' Medici is portrayed by Daniel Sharman in the Television series Medici: The Magnificent.^[48]

References [edit]

1. ^ Picotti, Giovanni Battista (1934). "Medici, Lorenzo de', detto il Magnifico". Enciclopedia Italiana . Retrieved 10 May 2018.
2. ^ Parks, Tim (2008). "Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence". The Art Volume. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 12 (iv): 288. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8357.2005.00614.x. ISBN9781847656872.
3. ^ "Fact about Lorenzo de' Medici". 100 Leaders in world history. Kenneth E. Behring. 2008. Archived from the original on 27 September 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
4. ^ Kent, F. Due west. (28 December 2006). Lorenzo De' Medici and the Fine art of Magnificence. Renaissance and Reformation. Vol. 27. United states of america: JHU Press. pp. 110–112. doi:10.1086/586785. ISBN0-8018-8627-ix. JSTOR 43445687.
5. ^ Brucker, Gene (21 March 2005). Living on the Edge in Leonardo's Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 14–xv. doi:10.1177/02656914080380030604. ISBN9780520930995. JSTOR 10.1525/j.ctt1ppkqw. S2CID 144626626.
6. ^ ^{a b} Hugh Ross Williamson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, Michael Joseph, (1974), ISBN 07181 12040
7. ^ Milligan, Gerry (26 August 2011). "Lucrezia Tornabuoni". Renaissance and Reformation. Oxford Bibliographies. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399301-0174. ISBN9780195399301 . Retrieved 25 Feb 2015.
8. ^ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 67
9. ^ Durant, Volition (1953). The Renaissance. The Story of Civilization. Vol. five. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 110.
10. ^ Davie, Marker (1989). "Luigi Pulci'due south Stanze per la Giostra: Verse and Prose Accounts of a Florentine Joust of 1469". Italian Studies. 44 (ane): 41–58. doi:10.1179/007516389790509128.
11. ^ Machiavelli, Niccolò (1906). The Florentine History. Vol. two. London: Archibald Lawman and Co. Limited. p. 169.
12. ^ Poliziano, Angelo (1993). The Stanze of Angelo Poliziano. University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania Country University Printing. pp. 10. ISBN0271009373. OCLC 26718982.
13. ^ Christopher Hibbert, chapter 9
14. ^ Niccolò Machiavelli, History of Florence, Book VIII, Chap. 7.
15. ^ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. seventy
16. ^ Janet Ross. "Florentine Palaces & Their Stories". 14 August 2016. Page 250.
17. ^ Walter, Ingeborg (2013). "Lorenzo der Prächtige: Mäzen, Schöngeist und Tyrann" [Lorenzo the Magnificent: Patron, Aesthete and Tyrant]. Damals (in German). Vol. 45, no. iii. p. 32.
18. ^ ^{a b c} Reinhardt, Volker (2013). "Dice langsame Aushöhlung der Republik" [The Wearisome and Steady Erosion of the Republic]. Damals (in German). Vol. 45, no. 3. pp. 16–23.
19. ^ Guicciardini, Francesco (1964). History of Italian republic and History of Florence. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 8.
20. ^ ^{a b c} Thompson, Bard (1996). Humanists and Reformers: A History of the Renaissance and Reformation. William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 189 ff. ISBN0-8028-6348-5.
21. ^ Jensen, De Lamar (1992). Renaissance Europe: Age of Recovery and Reconciliation. Lexington, Mass: D.C. Heath and Visitor. p. eighty.
22. ^ Durant, Will (1953). The Renaissance. The Story of Civilisation. Vol. five. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 125.
23. ^ Hancock, Lee (2005). Lorenzo de' Medici: Florence'south Neat Leader and Patron of the Arts . The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 57. ISBN1-4042-0315-X.
24. ^ Martines, Lauro (2003). April Blood: Florence and the Plot Against the Medici. Oxford University Press.
25. ^ Inalcik, Halil (2000). The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600. London: Orion Publishing Group. p. 135. ISBN978-1-84212-442-0.
26. ^ de Roover, Raymond (1963). The Ascent and Reject of the Medici Bank, 1397–1494. Harvard University Press. pp. 152–154.
27. ^ Machiavelli, Niccolò (1906). The Florentine History. Vol. ii. London: Archibald Lawman and Co. Limited. pp. 197–198.
28. ^ Durant, Will (1953). The Renaissance. The Story of Civilization. Vol. 5. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 112.
29. ^ La Poesia di Lorenzo di Medici | The Verse of Lorenzo di Medici- Lydia Ugolini; Lecture (1985); Audio
30. ^ ^{a b} Schmidt, Eike D. (2013). "Mäzene auf den Spuren der Antike" [Patrons in the footsteps of Antiquity]. Damals (in German). 45 (3): 36–43.
31. ^ Brucker, G., ed. (1971). The Society of Renaissance Florence: A Documentary Study. New York: Harper & Row. p. 27.
32. ^ Due east. B. Fryde, Humanism and Renaissance Historiography (London, 1983), 137
33. ^ Pernis, Maria Grazia (2006). Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici family in the fifteenth century. Laurie Adams. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN0-8204-7645-5. OCLC 61130758.
34. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Tomas, Natalie R. (2003). The Medici Women: Gender and Ability in Renaissance Florence. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 7, 21, 25. ISBN0754607771.
35. ^ J.Northward.D. Kelly, The Oxford Lexicon of Popes (Oxford 1986), p. 256.
36. ^ "Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Cloudless VII". www.newadvent.org.
37. ^ Donald Weinstein, Savonarola: The Ascent and Fall of a Renaissance Prophet (New Haven, 2011) Chap. v: The Magnificent Lorenzo
38. ^ Cuvier, Georges (24 Oct 2019). Cuvier's History of the Natural Sciences: Nineteen lessons from the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Publications scientifiques du Muséum. p. 474. ISBN9782856538739.
39. ^ Drees, Clayton J. (2001). The Belatedly Medieval Age of Crunch and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 347. ISBN9780313305887.
40. ^ Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 268.
41. ^ Williamson, pp. 268–nine
42. ^ ^{a b} Hugh Ross Williamson, p. 270-80
43. ^ "History of the Medici". History World.
44. ^ "Alessandro de' Medici (1510–1537) • BlackPast". nine December 2007.
45. ^ "Leonardo: Colin Ryan plays Lorenzo". BBC. 28 March 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
46. ^ Kelly, Andy (9 March 2017). "Revisiting the renaissance with Assassin's Creed 2". PC Gamer. Future Us, Inc. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
47. ^ Truitt, Brian (19 March 2014). "Who'southward who in 'Da Vinci's Demons' Flavour 2". USA Today . Retrieved 10 May 2018.
48. ^ Clarke, Stewart (x August 2017). "Daniel Sharman and Bradley James Bring together Netflix's 'Medici'". Variety. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved eleven Baronial 2017.

Further reading [edit]

• Lorenzo de' Medici, The Complete Literary Works, edited and translated by Guido A. Guarino (New York: Italica Printing, 2016).
• Miles J. Unger, Magnifico: The Brilliant Life and Trigger-happy Times of Lorenzo de' Medici (Simon and Schuster 2008) is a vividly colorful biography of this true "renaissance man", the uncrowned ruler of Florence during its golden historic period.
• André Chastel, Art et Humanisme à Florence au temps de Laurent le Magnifique (Paris, 1959).
• Christopher Hibbert, The House of Medici: Its Rising and Autumn (Morrow-Quill, 1980) is a highly readable, not-scholarly general history of the family, and covers Lorenzo's life in some detail.
• F. Due west. Kent, Lorenzo de' Medici and the Fine art of Magnificence (The Johns Hopkins Symposia in Comparative History) (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004) A summary of forty years of research with a specific theme of Il Magnifico'southward human relationship with the visual arts.
• Peter Barenboim, Michelangelo Drawings – Central to the Medici Chapel Interpretation (Moscow, Letny Pitiful, 2006) ISBN 5-98856-016-4, is a new interpretation of Lorenzo the Magnificent' paradigm in the Medici Chapel.
• Barenboim P. D. / Peter Barenboim. (2017). "The Mouse that Michelangelo Did Carve in the Medici Chapel: An Oriental Annotate to the Famous Article of Erwin Panofsky".
• Barenboim, Peter (with Heath, Arthur). 500 years of the New Sacristy: Michelangelo in the Medici Chapel, LOOM, Moscow, 2019. ISBN 978-5-906072-42-9
• Williamson, Hugh Ross, Lorenzo the Magnificent. Michael Joseph, London. (1974) ISBN 0-7181-1204-0
• Parks, Tim, Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics, and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence (W. W. Norton & Company 2005) ISBN 0393328457, is a mixture of history and finance, documenting the logistics of Lorenzo and the Medici Banks

Historical novels

• Robin Maxwell, Signora da Vinci (NAL Trade, 2009), a novel that follows Leonardo da Vinci'due south mother, Caterina, every bit she travels to Florence to be with her son.

External links [edit]

• Lorenzo de' Medici as patron
• "Info Please | Lorenzo De' Medici"
• Works by Lorenzo de' Medici at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_de%27_Medici

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